Changes between Initial Version and Version 1 of TracCgi


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Timestamp:
2011-06-10 15:30:18 (13 years ago)
Author:
trac
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  • TracCgi

    v1 v1  
     1= Installing Trac as CGI = 
     2 
     3{{{ 
     4#!div class=important 
     5  ''Please note that using Trac via CGI is the slowest deployment method available. It is slower than [TracModPython mod_python], [TracFastCgi FastCGI] and even [trac:TracOnWindowsIisAjp IIS/AJP] on Windows.'' 
     6}}} 
     7 
     8CGI script is the entrypoint that web-server calls when a web-request to an application is made. To generate the `trac.cgi` script run: 
     9{{{ 
     10trac-admin /path/to/env deploy /path/to/www/trac 
     11}}} 
     12`trac.cgi` will be in the `cgi-bin` folder inside the given path. Make sure it is executable by your web server. This command also copies `static resource` files to a `htdocs` directory of a given destination. 
     13 
     14== Apache web-server configuration == 
     15 
     16In [http://httpd.apache.org/ Apache] there are two ways to run Trac as CGI: 
     17 
     18 1. Use a `ScriptAlias` directive that maps an URL to the `trac.cgi` script (recommended) 
     19 2. Copy the `trac.cgi` file into the directory for CGI executables used by your web server (commonly named `cgi-bin`). You can also create a symbolic link, but in that case make sure that the `FollowSymLinks` option is enabled for the `cgi-bin` directory. 
     20 
     21To make Trac available at `http://yourhost.example.org/trac` add `ScriptAlias` directive to Apache configuration file, changing `trac.cgi` path to match your installation: 
     22{{{ 
     23ScriptAlias /trac /path/to/www/trac/cgi-bin/trac.cgi 
     24}}} 
     25 
     26 ''Note that this directive requires enabled `mod_alias` module.'' 
     27 
     28If you're using Trac with a single project you need to set its location using the `TRAC_ENV` environment variable: 
     29{{{ 
     30<Location "/trac"> 
     31  SetEnv TRAC_ENV "/path/to/projectenv" 
     32</Location> 
     33}}} 
     34 
     35Or to use multiple projects you can specify their common parent directory using the `TRAC_ENV_PARENT_DIR` variable: 
     36{{{ 
     37<Location "/trac"> 
     38  SetEnv TRAC_ENV_PARENT_DIR "/path/to/project/parent/dir" 
     39</Location> 
     40}}} 
     41 
     42 ''Note that the `SetEnv` directive requires enabled `mod_env` module. It is also possible to set TRAC_ENV in trac.cgi. Just add the following code between "try:" and "from trac.web ...":'' 
     43 
     44{{{ 
     45    import os 
     46    os.environ['TRAC_ENV'] = "/path/to/projectenv" 
     47}}} 
     48 
     49 '' Or for TRAC_ENV_PARENT_DIR: '' 
     50 
     51{{{ 
     52    import os 
     53    os.environ['TRAC_ENV_PARENT_DIR'] = "/path/to/project/parent/dir" 
     54}}} 
     55 
     56If you are using the [http://httpd.apache.org/docs/suexec.html Apache suEXEC] feature please see [http://trac.edgewall.org/wiki/ApacheSuexec]. 
     57 
     58On some systems, you ''may'' need to edit the shebang line in the `trac.cgi` file to point to your real Python installation path. On a Windows system you may need to configure Windows to know how to execute a .cgi file (Explorer -> Tools -> Folder Options -> File Types -> CGI). 
     59 
     60== Mapping Static Resources == 
     61 
     62Out of the box, Trac will pass static resources such as style sheets or images through itself. For a CGI setup this is '''highly undesirable''', because this way CGI script is invoked for documents that could be much more efficiently served directly by web server. 
     63 
     64Web servers such as [http://httpd.apache.org/ Apache] allow you to create “Aliases” to resources, giving them a virtual URL that doesn't necessarily reflect the layout of the servers file system. We already used this capability by defining a `ScriptAlias` for the CGI script. We also can map requests for static resources directly to the directory on the file system, avoiding processing these requests by CGI script. 
     65 
     66There are two primary URL paths for static resources - `/chrome/common` and `/chrome/site`. Plugins can add their own resources usually accessible by `/chrome/plugin` path, so its important to override only known paths and not try to make universal `/chrome` alias for everything. 
     67 
     68Add the following snippet to Apache configuration '''before''' the `ScriptAlias` for the CGI script, changing paths to match your deployment: 
     69{{{ 
     70Alias /trac/chrome/common /path/to/trac/htdocs/common 
     71Alias /trac/chrome/site /path/to/trac/htdocs/site 
     72<Directory "/path/to/www/trac/htdocs"> 
     73  Order allow,deny 
     74  Allow from all 
     75</Directory> 
     76}}} 
     77 
     78If using mod_python, you might want to add this too (otherwise, the alias will be ignored): 
     79{{{ 
     80<Location "/trac/chrome/common/"> 
     81  SetHandler None 
     82</Location> 
     83}}} 
     84 
     85Note that we mapped `/trac` part of the URL to the `trac.cgi` script, and the path `/chrome/common` is the path you have to append to that location to intercept requests to the static resources.  
     86 
     87For example, if Trac is mapped to `/cgi-bin/trac.cgi` on your server, the URL of the Alias should be `/cgi-bin/trac.cgi/chrome/common`. 
     88 
     89Similarly, if you have static resources in a project's htdocs directory (which is referenced by /chrome/site URL in themes), you can configure Apache to serve those resources (again, put this '''before''' the `ScriptAlias` for the CGI script, and adjust names and locations to match your installation): 
     90 
     91{{{ 
     92Alias /trac/chrome/site /path/to/projectenv/htdocs 
     93<Directory "/path/to/projectenv/htdocs"> 
     94  Order allow,deny 
     95  Allow from all 
     96</Directory> 
     97}}} 
     98 
     99Alternatively to hacking `/trac/chrome/site`, you can directly specify path to static resources using `htdocs_location` configuration option in [wiki:TracIni trac.ini]: 
     100{{{ 
     101[trac] 
     102htdocs_location = http://yourhost.example.org/trac-htdocs 
     103}}} 
     104 
     105Trac will then use this URL when embedding static resources into HTML pages. Of course, you still need to make the Trac `htdocs` directory available through the web server at the specified URL, for example by copying (or linking) the directory into the document root of the web server: 
     106{{{ 
     107$ ln -s /path/to/www/trac/htdocs /var/www/yourhost.example.org/trac-htdocs 
     108}}} 
     109 
     110Note that in order to get this `htdocs` directory, you need first to extract the relevant Trac resources using the `deploy` command of TracAdmin: 
     111[[TracAdminHelp(deploy)]] 
     112 
     113 
     114== Adding Authentication == 
     115 
     116The simplest way to enable authentication with Apache is to create a password file. Use the `htpasswd` program to create the password file: 
     117{{{ 
     118$ htpasswd -c /somewhere/trac.htpasswd admin 
     119New password: <type password> 
     120Re-type new password: <type password again> 
     121Adding password for user admin 
     122}}} 
     123 
     124After the first user, you dont need the "-c" option anymore: 
     125{{{ 
     126$ htpasswd /somewhere/trac.htpasswd john 
     127New password: <type password> 
     128Re-type new password: <type password again> 
     129Adding password for user john 
     130}}} 
     131 
     132  ''See the man page for `htpasswd` for full documentation.'' 
     133 
     134After you've created the users, you can set their permissions using TracPermissions. 
     135 
     136Now, you'll need to enable authentication against the password file in the Apache configuration: 
     137{{{ 
     138<Location "/trac/login"> 
     139  AuthType Basic 
     140  AuthName "Trac" 
     141  AuthUserFile /somewhere/trac.htpasswd 
     142  Require valid-user 
     143</Location> 
     144}}} 
     145 
     146If you're hosting multiple projects you can use the same password file for all of them: 
     147{{{ 
     148<LocationMatch "/trac/[^/]+/login"> 
     149  AuthType Basic 
     150  AuthName "Trac" 
     151  AuthUserFile /somewhere/trac.htpasswd 
     152  Require valid-user 
     153</LocationMatch> 
     154}}} 
     155 
     156For better security, it is recommended that you either enable SSL or at least use the “digest” authentication scheme instead of “Basic”. Please read the [http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.0/ Apache HTTPD documentation] to find out more. For example, on a Debian 4.0r1 (etch) system the relevant section  in apache configuration can look like this: 
     157{{{ 
     158<Location "/trac/login"> 
     159    LoadModule auth_digest_module /usr/lib/apache2/modules/mod_auth_digest.so 
     160    AuthType Digest 
     161    AuthName "trac" 
     162    AuthDigestDomain /trac 
     163    AuthUserFile /somewhere/trac.htpasswd 
     164    Require valid-user 
     165</Location> 
     166}}} 
     167and you'll have to create your .htpasswd file with htdigest instead of htpasswd as follows: 
     168{{{ 
     169# htdigest /somewhere/trac.htpasswd trac admin 
     170}}} 
     171where the "trac" parameter above is the same as !AuthName above  ("Realm" in apache-docs).  
     172 
     173---- 
     174See also:  TracGuide, TracInstall, [wiki:TracModWSGI], TracFastCgi, TracModPython