Changes between Initial Version and Version 1 of TracFastCgi


Ignore:
Timestamp:
2011-09-14 22:53:33 (13 years ago)
Author:
trac
Comment:

--

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  • TracFastCgi

    v1 v1  
     1= Trac with FastCGI = 
     2 
     3[http://www.fastcgi.com/ FastCGI] interface allows Trac to remain resident much like with [wiki:TracModPython mod_python]. It is faster than external CGI interfaces which must start a new process for each request. However, unlike mod_python, FastCGI supports [http://httpd.apache.org/docs/suexec.html Apache SuEXEC], i.e. run with different permissions than web server. Additionally, it is supported by much wider variety of web servers. 
     4 
     5'''Note for Windows:''' Trac's FastCGI does not run under Windows, as Windows does not implement `Socket.fromfd`, which is used by `_fcgi.py`. If you want to connect to IIS, you may want to try [trac:TracOnWindowsIisAjp AJP]. 
     6 
     7== Simple Apache configuration == 
     8 
     9There are two FastCGI modules commonly available for Apache: `mod_fastcgi` and 
     10`mod_fcgid` (preferred). The latter is more up-to-date. 
     11 
     12==== setup with `mod_fastcgi` ==== 
     13`mod_fastcgi` uses `FastCgiIpcDir` and `FastCgiConfig` directives that should be added to an appropriate Apache configuration file: 
     14{{{ 
     15# Enable fastcgi for .fcgi files 
     16# (If you're using a distro package for mod_fcgi, something like 
     17# this is probably already present) 
     18<IfModule mod_fastcgi.c> 
     19   AddHandler fastcgi-script .fcgi 
     20   FastCgiIpcDir /var/lib/apache2/fastcgi  
     21</IfModule> 
     22LoadModule fastcgi_module /usr/lib/apache2/modules/mod_fastcgi.so 
     23}}} 
     24Setting `FastCgiIpcDir` is optional if the default is suitable. Note that the `LoadModule` line must be after the `IfModule` group. 
     25 
     26Configure `ScriptAlias` or similar options as described in TracCgi, but 
     27calling `trac.fcgi` instead of `trac.cgi`. 
     28 
     29You can set up the `TRAC_ENV` as an overall default: 
     30{{{ 
     31FastCgiConfig -initial-env TRAC_ENV=/path/to/env/trac 
     32}}} 
     33 
     34Or you can serve multiple Trac projects in a directory like: 
     35{{{ 
     36FastCgiConfig -initial-env TRAC_ENV_PARENT_DIR=/parent/dir/of/projects 
     37}}} 
     38 
     39==== setup with `mod_fcgid` ==== 
     40Configure `ScriptAlias` (see TracCgi for details), but call `trac.fcgi` 
     41instead of `trac.cgi`. Note that slash at the end - it is important. 
     42{{{ 
     43ScriptAlias /trac /path/to/www/trac/cgi-bin/trac.fcgi/ 
     44}}} 
     45 
     46To setup Trac environment for `mod_fcgid` it is necessary to use 
     47`DefaultInitEnv` directive. It cannot be used in `Directory` or 
     48`Location` context, so if you need to support multiple projects, try 
     49alternative environment setup below. 
     50 
     51{{{ 
     52DefaultInitEnv TRAC_ENV /path/to/env/trac/ 
     53}}} 
     54 
     55==== alternative environment setup ==== 
     56A better method to specify path to Trac environment it to embed the path 
     57into `trac.fcgi` script itself. That doesn't require configuration of server 
     58environment variables, works for both FastCgi modules 
     59(and for [http://www.lighttpd.net/ lighttpd] and CGI as well): 
     60{{{ 
     61import os 
     62os.environ['TRAC_ENV'] = "/path/to/projectenv" 
     63}}} 
     64or 
     65{{{ 
     66import os 
     67os.environ['TRAC_ENV_PARENT_DIR'] = "/path/to/project/parent/dir" 
     68}}} 
     69 
     70With this method different projects can be supported by using different 
     71`.fcgi` scripts with different `ScriptAliases`. 
     72 
     73See [https://coderanger.net/~coderanger/httpd/fcgi_example.conf this fcgid example config] which uses a !ScriptAlias directive with trac.fcgi with a trailing / like this: 
     74{{{ 
     75ScriptAlias / /srv/tracsite/cgi-bin/trac.fcgi/ 
     76}}} 
     77 
     78== Simple Cherokee Configuration == 
     79 
     80The configuration on Cherokee's side is quite simple. You will only need to know that you can spawn Trac as an SCGI process. 
     81You can either start it manually, or better yet, automatically by letting Cherokee spawn the server whenever it is down. 
     82First set up an information source in cherokee-admin with a local interpreter. 
     83 
     84{{{ 
     85Host: 
     86localhost:4433 
     87 
     88Interpreter: 
     89/usr/bin/tracd —single-env —daemonize —protocol=scgi —hostname=localhost —port=4433 /path/to/project/ 
     90}}} 
     91 
     92If the port was not reachable, the interpreter command would be launched. Note that, in the definition of the information source, you will have to manually launch the spawner if you use a ''Remote host'' as ''Information source'' instead of a ''Local interpreter''. 
     93 
     94After doing this, we will just have to create a new rule managed by the SCGI handler to access Trac. It can be created in a new virtual server, trac.example.net for instance, and will only need two rules. The '''default''' one will use the SCGI handler associated to the previously created information source. 
     95The second rule will be there to serve the few static files needed to correctly display the Trac interface. Create it as ''Directory rule'' for ''/chrome/common'' and just set it to the ''Static files'' handler and with a ''Document root'' that points to the appropriate files: ''/usr/share/trac/htdocs/'' 
     96 
     97== Simple Lighttpd Configuration == 
     98 
     99The FastCGI front-end was developed primarily for use with alternative webservers, such as [http://www.lighttpd.net/ lighttpd]. 
     100 
     101lighttpd is a secure, fast, compliant and very flexible web-server that has been optimized for high-performance 
     102environments.  It has a very low memory footprint compared to other web servers and takes care of CPU load. 
     103 
     104For using `trac.fcgi`(prior to 0.11) / fcgi_frontend.py (0.11) with lighttpd add the following to your lighttpd.conf: 
     105{{{ 
     106#var.fcgi_binary="/usr/bin/python /path/to/fcgi_frontend.py" # 0.11 if installed with easy_setup, it is inside the egg directory 
     107var.fcgi_binary="/path/to/cgi-bin/trac.fcgi" # 0.10 name of prior fcgi executable 
     108fastcgi.server = ("/trac" => 
     109    
     110                   ("trac" => 
     111                     ("socket" => "/tmp/trac-fastcgi.sock", 
     112                      "bin-path" => fcgi_binary, 
     113                      "check-local" => "disable", 
     114                      "bin-environment" => 
     115                        ("TRAC_ENV" => "/path/to/projenv") 
     116                     ) 
     117                   ) 
     118                 ) 
     119}}} 
     120 
     121Note that you will need to add a new entry to `fastcgi.server` for each separate Trac instance that you wish to run. Alternatively, you may use the `TRAC_ENV_PARENT_DIR` variable instead of `TRAC_ENV` as described above, 
     122and you may set one of the two in `trac.fcgi` instead of in `lighttpd.conf` 
     123using `bin-environment` (as in the section above on Apache configuration). 
     124 
     125Note that lighttpd has a bug related to 'SCRIPT_NAME' and 'PATH_INFO' when the uri of fastcgi.server is '/' instead of '/trac' in this example, see #Trac2418. This should be fixed since lighttpd 1.4.23, and you may need to add `"fix-root-scriptname" => "enable"` as parameter of fastcgi.server. 
     126 
     127For using two projects with lighttpd add the following to your `lighttpd.conf`: 
     128{{{ 
     129fastcgi.server = ("/first" => 
     130                   ("first" => 
     131                    ("socket" => "/tmp/trac-fastcgi-first.sock", 
     132                     "bin-path" => fcgi_binary, 
     133                     "check-local" => "disable", 
     134                     "bin-environment" => 
     135                       ("TRAC_ENV" => "/path/to/projenv-first") 
     136                    ) 
     137                  ), 
     138                  "/second" => 
     139                    ("second" => 
     140                    ("socket" => "/tmp/trac-fastcgi-second.sock", 
     141                     "bin-path" => fcgi_binary, 
     142                     "check-local" => "disable", 
     143                     "bin-environment" => 
     144                       ("TRAC_ENV" => "/path/to/projenv-second") 
     145                    ) 
     146                  ) 
     147                ) 
     148}}} 
     149Note that field values are different.  If you prefer setting the environment 
     150variables in the `.fcgi` scripts, then copy/rename `trac.fcgi`, e.g., to 
     151`first.fcgi` and `second.fcgi`, and reference them in the above settings. 
     152Note that the above will result in different processes in any event, even 
     153if both are running from the same `trac.fcgi` script. 
     154{{{ 
     155#!div class=important 
     156'''Note''' It's very important the order on which server.modules are loaded, if mod_auth is not loaded '''BEFORE''' mod_fastcgi, then the server will fail to authenticate the user. 
     157}}} 
     158For authentication you should enable mod_auth in lighttpd.conf 'server.modules', select auth.backend and auth rules: 
     159{{{ 
     160server.modules              = ( 
     161... 
     162  "mod_auth", 
     163... 
     164) 
     165 
     166auth.backend               = "htpasswd" 
     167 
     168# Separated password files for each project 
     169# See "Conditional Configuration" in 
     170# http://trac.lighttpd.net/trac/file/branches/lighttpd-merge-1.4.x/doc/configuration.txt 
     171 
     172$HTTP["url"] =~ "^/first/" { 
     173  auth.backend.htpasswd.userfile = "/path/to/projenv-first/htpasswd.htaccess" 
     174} 
     175$HTTP["url"] =~ "^/second/" { 
     176  auth.backend.htpasswd.userfile = "/path/to/projenv-second/htpasswd.htaccess" 
     177} 
     178 
     179# Enable auth on trac URLs, see 
     180# http://trac.lighttpd.net/trac/file/branches/lighttpd-merge-1.4.x/doc/authentication.txt 
     181 
     182auth.require = ("/first/login" => 
     183                ("method"  => "basic", 
     184                 "realm"   => "First project", 
     185                 "require" => "valid-user" 
     186                ), 
     187                "/second/login" => 
     188                ("method"  => "basic", 
     189                 "realm"   => "Second project", 
     190                 "require" => "valid-user" 
     191                ) 
     192               ) 
     193 
     194 
     195}}} 
     196Note that lighttpd (I use version 1.4.3) stopped if password file doesn't exist. 
     197 
     198Note that lighttpd doesn't support 'valid-user' in versions prior to 1.3.16. 
     199 
     200Conditional configuration is also useful for mapping static resources, i.e. serving out images and CSS directly instead of through FastCGI: 
     201{{{ 
     202# Aliasing functionality is needed 
     203server.modules += ("mod_alias") 
     204 
     205# Setup an alias for the static resources 
     206alias.url = ("/trac/chrome/common" => "/usr/share/trac/htdocs") 
     207 
     208# Use negative lookahead, matching all requests that ask for any resource under /trac, EXCEPT in 
     209# /trac/chrome/common, and use FastCGI for those 
     210$HTTP["url"] =~ "^/trac(?!/chrome/common)" { 
     211# Even if you have other fastcgi.server declarations for applications other than Trac, do NOT use += here 
     212fastcgi.server = ("/trac" => 
     213                   ("trac" => 
     214                     ("socket" => "/tmp/trac-fastcgi.sock", 
     215                      "bin-path" => fcgi_binary, 
     216                      "check-local" => "disable", 
     217                      "bin-environment" => 
     218                        ("TRAC_ENV" => "/path/to/projenv") 
     219                     ) 
     220                   ) 
     221                 ) 
     222} 
     223}}} 
     224The technique can be easily adapted for use with multiple projects by creating aliases for each of them, and wrapping the fastcgi.server declarations inside conditional configuration blocks. 
     225Also there is another way to handle multiple projects and it's to use TRAC_ENV_PARENT_DIR instead of TRAC_ENV and use global auth, let's see an example: 
     226{{{ 
     227#  This is for handling multiple projects 
     228  alias.url       = ( "/trac/" => "/path/to/trac/htdocs/" ) 
     229 
     230  fastcgi.server += ("/projects"  => 
     231                      ("trac" => 
     232                        ( 
     233                          "socket" => "/tmp/trac.sock", 
     234                          "bin-path" => fcgi_binary, 
     235                          "check-local" => "disable", 
     236                          "bin-environment" => 
     237                            ("TRAC_ENV_PARENT_DIR" => "/path/to/parent/dir/of/projects/" ) 
     238                        ) 
     239                      ) 
     240                    ) 
     241#And here starts the global auth configuration 
     242  auth.backend = "htpasswd" 
     243  auth.backend.htpasswd.userfile = "/path/to/unique/htpassword/file/trac.htpasswd" 
     244  $HTTP["url"] =~ "^/projects/.*/login$" { 
     245    auth.require = ("/" => 
     246                     ( 
     247                       "method"  => "basic", 
     248                       "realm"   => "trac", 
     249                       "require" => "valid-user" 
     250                     ) 
     251                   ) 
     252  } 
     253}}} 
     254 
     255Changing date/time format also supported by lighttpd over environment variable LC_TIME 
     256{{{ 
     257fastcgi.server = ("/trac" => 
     258                   ("trac" => 
     259                     ("socket" => "/tmp/trac-fastcgi.sock", 
     260                      "bin-path" => fcgi_binary, 
     261                      "check-local" => "disable", 
     262                      "bin-environment" => 
     263                        ("TRAC_ENV" => "/path/to/projenv", 
     264                        "LC_TIME" => "ru_RU") 
     265                     ) 
     266                   ) 
     267                 ) 
     268}}} 
     269For details about languages specification see [trac:TracFaq TracFaq] question 2.13. 
     270 
     271Other important information like [http://trac.lighttpd.net/trac/wiki/TracInstall this updated TracInstall page], [wiki:TracCgi#MappingStaticResources and this] are useful for non-fastcgi specific installation aspects. 
     272 
     273If you use trac-0.9, read [http://lists.edgewall.com/archive/trac/2005-November/005311.html about small bug] 
     274 
     275Relaunch lighttpd, and browse to `http://yourhost.example.org/trac` to access Trac. 
     276 
     277Note about running lighttpd with reduced permissions: 
     278 
     279  If nothing else helps and trac.fcgi doesn't start with lighttpd settings `server.username = "www-data"`, `server.groupname = "www-data"`, then in the `bin-environment` section set `PYTHON_EGG_CACHE` to the home directory of `www-data` or some other directory accessible to this account for writing. 
     280 
     281 
     282== Simple !LiteSpeed Configuration == 
     283 
     284The FastCGI front-end was developed primarily for use with alternative webservers, such as [http://www.litespeedtech.com/ LiteSpeed]. 
     285 
     286!LiteSpeed web server is an event-driven asynchronous Apache replacement designed from the ground-up to be secure, scalable, and operate with minimal resources. !LiteSpeed can operate directly from an Apache config file and is targeted for business-critical environments. 
     287 
     288=== Setup === 
     289 
     290 1. Please make sure you have first have a working install of a Trac project. Test install with “tracd” first. 
     291 
     292 2. Create a Virtual Host for this setup. From now on we will refer to this vhost as !TracVhost. For this tutorial we will be assuming that your trac project will be accessible via: 
     293 
     294{{{ 
     295http://yourdomain.com/trac/ 
     296}}} 
     297 
     298 3. Go “!TracVhost → External Apps” tab and create a new “External Application”. 
     299 
     300{{{ 
     301Name: MyTracFCGI         
     302Address: uds://tmp/lshttpd/mytracfcgi.sock 
     303Max Connections: 10 
     304Environment: TRAC_ENV=/fullpathto/mytracproject/ <--- path to root folder of trac project 
     305Initial Request Timeout (secs): 30 
     306Retry Timeout (secs): 0 
     307Persistent Connection   Yes 
     308Connection Keepalive Timeout: 30 
     309Response Bufferring: No  
     310Auto Start: Yes 
     311Command: /usr/share/trac/cgi-bin/trac.fcgi  <--- path to trac.fcgi 
     312Back Log: 50 
     313Instances: 10 
     314}}} 
     315 
     316 4. Optional. If you need to use htpasswd based authentication. Go to “!TracVhost → Security” tab and create a new security “Realm”. 
     317 
     318{{{ 
     319DB Type: Password File 
     320Realm Name: MyTracUserDB               <--- any name you wish and referenced later 
     321User DB Location: /fullpathto/htpasswd <--- path to your htpasswd file 
     322}}} 
     323 
     324If you don’t have a htpasswd file or don’t know how to create the entries within one, go to http://sherylcanter.com/encrypt.php, to generate the user:password combos. 
     325 
     326 5. Go to “!PythonVhost → Contexts” and create a new “FCGI Context”. 
     327 
     328{{{ 
     329URI: /trac/                              <--- URI path to bind to python fcgi app we created     
     330Fast CGI App: [VHost Level] MyTractFCGI  <--- select the trac fcgi extapp we just created 
     331Realm: TracUserDB                        <--- only if (4) is set. select realm created in (4) 
     332}}} 
     333 
     334 6. Modify `/fullpathto/mytracproject/conf/trac.ini` 
     335 
     336{{{ 
     337#find/set base_rul, url, and link variables 
     338base_url = http://yourdomain.com/trac/ <--- base url to generate correct links to 
     339url = http://yourdomain.com/trac/      <--- link of project 
     340link = http://yourdomain.com/trac/     <--- link of graphic logo 
     341}}} 
     342 
     343 7. Restart !LiteSpeed, “lswsctrl restart”, and access your new Trac project at:  
     344 
     345{{{ 
     346http://yourdomain.com/trac/ 
     347}}} 
     348 
     349== Simple Nginx Configuration == 
     350 
     351 1. Nginx configuration snippet - confirmed to work on 0.6.32 
     352{{{ 
     353    server { 
     354        listen       10.9.8.7:443; 
     355        server_name  trac.example; 
     356 
     357        ssl                  on; 
     358        ssl_certificate      /etc/ssl/trac.example.crt; 
     359        ssl_certificate_key  /etc/ssl/trac.example.key; 
     360 
     361        ssl_session_timeout  5m; 
     362 
     363        ssl_protocols  SSLv2 SSLv3 TLSv1; 
     364        ssl_ciphers  ALL:!ADH:!EXPORT56:RC4+RSA:+HIGH:+MEDIUM:+LOW:+SSLv2:+EXP; 
     365        ssl_prefer_server_ciphers   on; 
     366 
     367        # (Or ``^/some/prefix/(.*)``. 
     368        if ($uri ~ ^/(.*)) { 
     369             set $path_info /$1; 
     370        } 
     371 
     372        # You can copy this whole location to ``location [/some/prefix]/login`` 
     373        # and remove the auth entries below if you want Trac to enforce 
     374        # authorization where appropriate instead of needing to authenticate 
     375        # for accessing the whole site. 
     376        # (Or ``location /some/prefix``.) 
     377        location / { 
     378            auth_basic            "trac realm"; 
     379            auth_basic_user_file /home/trac/htpasswd; 
     380 
     381            # socket address 
     382            fastcgi_pass   unix:/home/trac/run/instance.sock; 
     383 
     384            # python - wsgi specific 
     385            fastcgi_param HTTPS on; 
     386 
     387            ## WSGI REQUIRED VARIABLES 
     388            # WSGI application name - trac instance prefix. 
     389            # (Or ``fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_NAME  /some/prefix``.) 
     390            fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_NAME        ""; 
     391            fastcgi_param  PATH_INFO          $path_info; 
     392 
     393            ## WSGI NEEDED VARIABLES - trac warns about them 
     394            fastcgi_param  REQUEST_METHOD     $request_method; 
     395            fastcgi_param  SERVER_NAME        $server_name; 
     396            fastcgi_param  SERVER_PORT        $server_port; 
     397            fastcgi_param  SERVER_PROTOCOL    $server_protocol; 
     398            fastcgi_param  QUERY_STRING     $query_string; 
     399 
     400            # for authentication to work 
     401            fastcgi_param  AUTH_USER          $remote_user; 
     402            fastcgi_param  REMOTE_USER        $remote_user; 
     403        } 
     404    } 
     405}}} 
     406 
     407 2. Modified trac.fcgi: 
     408 
     409{{{ 
     410#!/usr/bin/env python 
     411import os 
     412sockaddr = '/home/trac/run/instance.sock' 
     413os.environ['TRAC_ENV'] = '/home/trac/instance' 
     414 
     415try: 
     416     from trac.web.main import dispatch_request 
     417     import trac.web._fcgi 
     418 
     419     fcgiserv = trac.web._fcgi.WSGIServer(dispatch_request,  
     420          bindAddress = sockaddr, umask = 7) 
     421     fcgiserv.run() 
     422 
     423except SystemExit: 
     424    raise 
     425except Exception, e: 
     426    print 'Content-Type: text/plain\r\n\r\n', 
     427    print 'Oops...' 
     428    print 
     429    print 'Trac detected an internal error:' 
     430    print 
     431    print e 
     432    print 
     433    import traceback 
     434    import StringIO 
     435    tb = StringIO.StringIO() 
     436    traceback.print_exc(file=tb) 
     437    print tb.getvalue() 
     438 
     439}}} 
     440 
     441 3. reload nginx and launch trac.fcgi like that: 
     442 
     443{{{ 
     444trac@trac.example ~ $ ./trac-standalone-fcgi.py  
     445}}} 
     446 
     447The above assumes that: 
     448 * There is a user named 'trac' for running trac instances and keeping trac environments in its home directory. 
     449 * `/home/trac/instance` contains a trac environment 
     450 * `/home/trac/htpasswd` contains authentication information 
     451 * `/home/trac/run` is owned by the same group the nginx runs under 
     452  * and if your system is Linux the `/home/trac/run` has setgid bit set (`chmod g+s run`) 
     453  * and patch from ticket #T7239 is applied, or you'll have to fix the socket file permissions every time 
     454 
     455Unfortunately nginx does not support variable expansion in fastcgi_pass directive.  
     456Thus it is not possible to serve multiple trac instances from one server block.  
     457 
     458If you worry enough about security, run trac instances under separate users.  
     459 
     460Another way to run trac as a FCGI external application is offered in ticket #T6224 
     461 
     462---- 
     463See also:  TracGuide, TracInstall, [wiki:TracModWSGI ModWSGI], [wiki:TracCgi CGI], [wiki:TracModPython ModPython], [trac:TracNginxRecipe TracNginxRecipe]